King Tides, Beach Erosion and Water Pollution—Can Waikīkī Be Saved?

More than a century ago, Waikīkī was the center of government and culture for Hawaiians, where streams met the ocean and fishponds provided food. By the late 1800s, this stunning shoreline started to lure visitors, creating a demand for accommodations on the beach. This development, which included the construction of seawalls, groins and piers, prompted the eroding of the very beach that had been attracting tourists.