Scientists Underestimated Potential for Tohoku Earthquake: Now What?

alexandria-egypt
Alexandria beach, Egypt. Photo source: ©© Sebastià Giralt
In the morning of July 21, 365 AD, an earthquake of great magnitude caused a huge tsunami more than 100 feet (30 m) high. The AD 365 Crete earthquake devastated Alexandria and the eastern shores of the Mediterranean particularly Libya, Alexandria and the Nile Delta, killing thousands and hurling ships 3 km (1.9 mi) inland. The quake and tsunami left a deep impression on the late antique mind, and numerous writers of the time referred in their works to the event. The Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus (Res Gestae 26.10.15-19) describes in his vivid account the typical sequence of the tsunami including an incipient earthquake, the sudden retreat of the sea and a following gigantic wave. Captions: Wikipedia.

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The massive Tohoku, Japan, earthquake in 2011 and Sumatra-Andaman superquake in 2004 stunned scientists because neither region was thought to be capable of producing a megathrust earthquake with a magnitude exceeding ̴ 8.4…

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